“These
elongated growth nodes are what we consider
an unhoaxable effect and that test alone tells us that this Chillicothe
corn formation is not mechanically made by people.
So this is a non-manmade crop circle.”
The red marker is Chillicothe, Ohio, the nearest town to the Hopewell
Mound Group.
Earthworks and many mounds in the form of circles, squares and other
geometric
shapes were created from about 200 BC to AD 500 by unknown inhabitants
who
preceded North American Indian groups in the Ohio Valley region such as
the
Shawnee, Kickapoo and Erie. Many American crop formations have
been discovered near ancient mounds.
Northwest of downtown Chillicothe (lower right circle) is the Hopewell
Culture National
Historical Park (upper left red circle). That is the location of the
Hopewell Mound Group.
The mid-September 2012 large corn formation was very close to the
surrounding wall
of the Hopewell Mound Group shown to scale and location in the diagram
below
1848 diagram by Squier and Davis Surveyors of what is known today as the
Hopewell Mound Group consisting of two dozen earth mounds shown as the
dark spots inside the walls of the parallelogram and adjacent square.
The three largest
mounds inside what looks like the heel of a shoe are also sketched
larger as an insert
in the upper left of the diagram. For scale, the wall boundary of the
parallelogram
is 3.5 miles. Jeff Wilson placed a B&W diagram of the mid-September 2012
corn formation to approximate scale and site immediately to the left of
the
name "NORTH FORK, WORKS," which was the name given by the surveyors
in 1848 because the Hopewell Mound Group was along the north fork
of Paint Creek (lower right of of above diagram), a tributary of the
Scioto River.
Updated
October 29, 2012 Chillicothe, Ohio -
The Hopewell Mound Group in Chillicothe, Ohio, is about 2,200 years old
and no one knows for certain who made them. The name “Hopewell culture”
comes from General Mordecai Hopewell, who was a farm owner when the
mounds were first discovered on his land in the 1840s.
According to the Archaeological Institute of America, “ the Hopewell
culture participated in long-distance trading networks, acquiring copper
from the upper Great Lakes, mica from the Carolinas, shells from the
Gulf of Mexico, and obsidian from the Rocky Mountains. Magnificent works
of art were crafted from these exotic raw materials, such as an elegant
human hand effigy cut from mica and giant spear points chipped from
obsidian.
Human hand effigy cut from mica and giant spear points
chipped from obsidian Hopewell Culture, Hopewell
Mound Group, Chillicothe, Ross County, Ohio
Historical Society A 283/000294.
The Hopewell also used exotic materials to create works
of art like this eagle's claw effigy of a hawk claw cut from sheet
mica, Ohio Hopewell culture, 100 BC-500 AD, Ohio Historical Society.
“Earthworks constructed by the Hopewell culture were places of ceremony,
not settlements. They include regular, geometrically shaped complexes
and irregularly shaped hilltop enclosures. Geometric earthworks are more
common and may be squares, circles, or octagons with associated
individual mounds. There are also mortuary sites with earthworks
enclosing conical or loaf-shaped mounds that may contain burials and
cremations. Some Hopewell burials have large quantities of goods,
suggesting some level of hierarchy in the culture.”
Example of how ancient mounds rise throughout the Chillicothe, Ohio,
environment including this farm.
Jeffrey Wilson, 43, is Director of the Independent Crop Circle
Researchers' Association (ICCRA) founded in 2003. Jeff has had a passion
for astronomy, the ancient earthworks and mounds of Ohio where he lives
and for the crop formations that have emerged near ancient mounds and
Native American sacred sites over several decades. His own first
investigation was in 1996. In co-founding the ICCRA, Jeff's goal has
been to build a network of people who could go on field trips in their
local regions to investigate crop formations as soon after discovery as
possible.
One of the important crop formation that Jeff and ICCRA studied in late
September 2003 was on a tributary called Paint Creek that flows into the
Scioto River near Bainbridge also in Ross County, Ohio, only about 12
miles from the Chillicothe Mound Group. That was the third 2003
formation near Ohio mounds and the Paint Creek pattern was in crisp,
easily breakable soybeans. Jeff told me in an interview, “The soybean
plants were bent in an angle. You can't really bend soybean plants
without snapping the stalks. So we found that to be quite convincing
that it was a non-manmade pattern.” See:
100503 Earthfiles.
At the end of September 2012, Jeff called me excited about a new crop
formation in standing corn that was as big or bigger than a football
field and had lots of circles - turned out to be 43, second largest
number of circles in one crop formation in U. S. history. Jeff had
talked to the farmer and landowner about permission for ICCRA to
photograph and sample. So, Jeff and his wife, Delsey, traveled to
Chillicothe the weekend of September 28 to 30, to first take aerial
photographs and explore the formation on the ground before the of a
large ICCRA volunteer group on Sunday, September 30th, to sample plants
for growth node changes, seed changes, magnetic anomalies and other
tests that Jeff and his group have done in dozens of crop formations.
Jeff stressed that the huge 7-fold geometry of all the circles was low
in the river valley next to Paint Creek and not visible from any road.
The only view was from above.
The dry, standing corn was about 7 to 9 feet tall and at first Jeff was
confused by how messy on the ground it looked. But as he began to
examine each circle, ring and stalk, he realized that most of the the
stalks were bent above the ground in various swirled and
intricate patterns throughout all the 36 circles and 7 rings. There were
some 90 degree bends without breaking and even one stalk had two
90-degree-bends.
Tall corn stalks encircling a circle of standing corn photographed
by Jeffrey Wilson, ICCRA, on September 28, 2012.
Interview:
Play MP3 interview.
Jeffrey Wilson, Director, Independent Crop Circle Researchers'
Association (ICCRA), Batavia, Ohio:
“The cornstalks were not bent all the ways to the ground. They were
anywhere from 2 inches off the ground to about 4 feet off the ground
where some of these stalks were bent. And so that made it
extraordinarily challenging to navigate through these circles because
you're trying carefully to not damage any more of the crop and to leave
it as intact as possible for the investigation. So to walk through these
circles, to visit each one of the 43 circles and rings, it took me a
little over two hours.
There was no consistency about how the cornstalks were bent over. So the
first impression for any observer looking at it is, ‘Wow, it's just a
mess!’ Because there is no smooth, nice lay to walk across or anything
like that. It is all kind of jumbled stalks at different heights. But
then you realize how intricately the corn has been manipulated,
including regular stair-stepping heights.
To make it more challenging, we navigated our way through a couple of
the circles into one of the inner rings. All of the inner rings have a
similar feature to them. They have what we call contra-rotating swirls
like the innermost portion of the plants are laid clockwise. And then
there's a band that's counterclockwise. And then you get another band
that is clockwise. And then you get another band that is
counterclockwise!
In all of the rings except one had four different contra-rotating
swirls, but one had five going back the opposite direction.
Many of the circles basically as you go down each arm (7 arms) have
alternating swirls. So you'll go one circle that is generally flowed
clockwise and then the next one will be counterclockwise, then the next
one will be clockwise, and the next one counterclockwise.
The center circle, the center was quite striking because the floor
pattern, the lay of it, was different than all the other circles. It was
kind of segmented into three areas. The center 25 feet of that circle,
all of the plants were flattened towards the center radially. And there
were two standing stalks at the center. So, if you can picture this -
you have a 25-foot-diameter area of corn in which all of the cornstalks
are pointing towards one single center point. So you get a lot of the
center corn as you get to that center point is all laid down on top of
one another and they are all sort of mixed together so there is quite a
bit of intricate layering at the two standing stalks at the center.
WERE ANY OF THOSE UP OFF THE GROUND? AND WHERE THEY ARE OFF THE GROUND,
WERE THERE ANY CREASES OR CRACKS?
Yeah, they were off the ground. We did not see any evidence of
mechanical damage by any of the normal hoaxer methods. There were no
crimp marks on the plants; no stalks that had scrape marks on them.
There were no footprints anywhere to be seen, no stepping on any of the
plants. Corn is one of the more obvious plants in which you can see
mechanical damage done to them and we did not see anything like that in
this corn formation anywhere.
Double 90-Degree Cornstalk Bends
I've even got a photo of a double 90-degree-bend that basically the corn
is coming out of the ground - let's say 2 feet. Then it's bent at a
90-degree-angle and then it goes for about a foot and a half and then
it's bent at a 90-degree-angle back down towards the ground where it's
bent again with other crop on top of it.
I HAVE NEVER HEARD OF SUCH A COMPLEXITY HORIZONTALLY AND VERTICALLY IN A
CROP FORMATION THIS LARGE EVER.
Right. And in the United States, this is definitely one of the most
complex. We have been in formations that have been longer, up to 700
feet or so. But we've never had one with so many circles in so intricate
of a lay with the different heights of plants bent over differently. It
was pretty impressive!
When you stop to think about how every single stalk is flattened at a
different height. There is almost zero consistency from stalk to stalk
as to where the stems are bent over and in heights ranging from 2 inches
off the ground to 4 feet off the ground. To try to imagine someone
trying to hoax this or re-create it with the complexity that we saw -
even if you were to try to hand-bend each individual stalk - having that
many circles out there it just begins to stagger you to understand how
challenging that might be.
Digital Compass Interference in Corn Formation
One thing I forgot to mention yesterday is that at least six different
researchers experienced compass interferences while doing different
kinds of measurements, myself and Delsey included. Sometimes these were
with ‘ordinary’ traditional compasses, and others with digital compasses
on their iPhones like the interference on my iPhone that I photographed
below.
Jeff Wilson's digital compass interference displayed on iPhone
Theodolite Pro app on September 30, 2012.
Elongated Growth Nodes Confirm Chillicothe Corn Pattern Not
Manmade
IN
YOUR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION ON SUNDAY, THE 30TH OF SEPTEMBER, WHAT DID
YOU FIND THAT YOU ARE CONVINCED NOW THAT THIS GREAT BIG FORMATION IN
CHILLICOTHE, OHIO, WAS NOT MADE BY ANYBODY WITH BOARDS AND STRING, BUT
IS TRULY IN A HIGH STRANGENESS CATEGORY?
Right. We in ICCRA run a whole series of different kinds of tests to
make sure that we find anomalies that people cannot duplicate. They
include measuring the plants. We check for radiation. We check for an
electric field and magnetic field. We'll do a whole series of different
kinds of scientific tests.
We found in running the statistics on the Chillicothe formation that
there was a statistically significant difference between the length of
the growth nodes in the formation versus comparing them to the length of
the nodes in the plants out in the rest of the field.
Now, what does that mean? It means that plants were affected by whatever
energies made the cropcircle and that is an unhoaxable effect. No one
that has ever stomped on plants has ever been able to elongate the
growth nodes by doing so and that's been repeatedly tested in all
different kinds of crops. These elongated growth nodes are what we
consider an unhoaxable effect and that test alone tells us that this
Chillicothe corn formation is NOT mechanically made by people. So this
is a non-manmade crop circle.
NOW, COULD YOU ADDRESS WHAT MUST BE IN EVERY LISTENER'S MIND RIGHT NOW -
HOW COULD 43 CIRCLES COVERING PERHAPS AS FAR AS 350 FEET IN DIAMETER
WITH SOME OF THE CORN BENT OVER 2 INCHES ABOVE THE GROUND AND SOME OF IT
BENT OVER ABOUT 4 FEET ABOVE THE GROUND - IN ALL OF THE DIFFERENT
HEIGHTS OVER THESE 43 CIRCLESAND RINGS IN A FIELD THAT IS AS BIG OR
BIGGER THAN A FOOTBALL FIELD - HOW COULD THIS BE DONE BY ANY FORCE?
Well, that's the million dollar question. (laughs) That's why we're out
there trying to investigate and document it.”
Biophysicist W. C. Levengood Examines Chillicothe Corn Samples
Jeff Wilson drove to Grass Lake, Michigan, to the Pinelandia Biophysical
Laboratory of biophysicist W. C. Levengood with at least 80 samples
collected from the Chillicothe, Ohio, corn formation. In 1994,
biophysicist Levengood published his crop circle research in the
international botany journal, Physiologia Plantarum. His article
was entitled, “Anatomical Anomalies in Crop Formation Plants.” He was
the first scientist to describe biophysical and biochemical changes in
crop circle plants such as elongated growth nodes that cannot be
produced with mechanical force.
Dr. Levengood's hypothesis is that a spinning plasma vortex of unknown
origin containing microwave and other energies comes from the upper
atmosphere down into cereal crops and grasses to produce the worldwide
phenomenon of crop formations. I talked with him this week about the
Chillicothe, Ohio, corn samples that he is now studying.
W. C. Levengood, Biophysicist, Pinelandia Biophysical Laboratory, Grass
Lake, Michigan:
“WHAT IS YOUR IMPRESSION OF THE SAMPLES FROM THE CHILLICOTHE CROP
FORMATION THAT JEFF WILSON DELIVERED TO YOU?
Well, one thing, they require a hell of a lot of work! (laughs) But this
crop formation is one of the most unusual I’ve ever worked on and it’s
certainly the biggest one I’ve ever worked on in corn.
I have confirmed accelerated growth in some of the ears of corn in the
formation in contrast to the retarded growth seen above in the small,
malformed ears of corn. The mixture of accelerated and retarded growth
has been documented in other crop formations that he has studied
confirming that the energies that interact with cereal crops and grasses
around the world are complex and can compartmentalize clockwise, counter
clockwise and other manipulations of plants down to single stalks.
Some corn ears show anthocyanin. In other words, purple ears. They are
not nice and yellow like the regular ripe corn is. In addition to severe
drought in Ohio in 2012 that caused some stunted growth, the energies
that caused this formation might have provoked some of the anthocyanin,
causing the protective anthocyanin to come out.”
[Editor's Note: Anthocyanin is a pigment that reflects the red
to blue range of the visible spectrum. It is often observed in the plant
kingdom, where it serves to color anything from fruits to the autumn
leaves. It can be used as pH indicator because it changes from red in
acids to blue in bases. It's a little similar to the example of Close
Encounters of the Third Kind when Richard Dreyfuss's character looks
at the UFO and half of his face turns red and the other half is
unaffected because it was in the shadow. That's essentially what has
happened to the corn corn ends where the reddish-purple anthocyanin has
tried to protect the seeds during severe drought or exposure to
radiation such as microwave energy.]
Continued
in
Part 2
- Is the Chillicothe corn pattern a fractal? Why a 7-fold geometry?
Part
2: High Strangeness in 43-Circle-Corn Pattern
Near Ancient Mounds of Chillicothe, Ohio
“Recent
versions of the inflationary scenario describe the universe
as a self-generating fractal that sprouts other inflationary universes.”
- Andrei Linde, November 1994 Scientific American
“The
Chillicothe corn pattern could be a two-dimensional
representation of a Heptagonal Hyperbolic Planar Tessellation ...
this fractal tessellation grid might be the underpinnings
of the structure of the universe.”
October 30, 2012 Chillicothe, Ohio - Swiss
psychiatrist Carl Jung said that number concepts were probably the most
primitive element of order in the human mind. The Pythagoreans believed
that all things are numbers and their constituents are components of all
things. Over the centuries, some numbers were set higher than others.
Thus, the numbers 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 12, 40, 70 and 100 were considered
sacred by many ancient peoples. In the Hindu Vedas, the numbers 3, 7,
21, 55, 77 and 99 are regarded as sacred. The Persians worshiped 3 and
7.
Historically, the number 3 was considered the most mysterious, while the
number 7 was considered the most mystical of the top ten numbers. 7 is
the only dimension, besides 3, in which a 3-dimensional vector cross
product can be defined. In magic and in religion, the number seven
symbolizes the seven heavens, the Pillars of Wisdom, the seven ages of
man, colors of the spectrum and the archangels. Mathematically, seven is
the lowest number that cannot be represented as the sum of the squares
of three integers. A seven-sided shape is a heptagon.
The 7-armed pattern in the Chillicothe, Ohio, mid-September 2012 corn
field has led to an unusual scientific theory about heptagons and the
underlying construction of the universe.
Interview:
Jeffrey Wilson, Director, Independent Crop Circle Researchers'
Association, Batavia, Ohio:
“JEFF, THE CHILLICOTHE CORN FORMATION IS A 7-FOLD GEOMETRY IN TERMS OF
HAVING SEVEN ARMS AND SEVEN RINGS AND THEN 36 CIRCLES. BUT, FROM THE
AIR, IT IS NOT THE PERFECT, BEAUTIFUL PRECISION THAT WE HAVE SEEN
SOMETIMES IN ENGLAND. THIS HAS ALMOST AN ORGANIC FEELING TO IT.
Yes, one of the things that people immediately say when they look at it
is, ‘Well, it's not symmetrical.’ And it appears to not be exactly
symmetrical in terms of how the circles are laid out. But you do have
one central circle from which everything else is constructed around it.
Outside of that central circle, you have seven tangent rings that form a
circle of rings around that central circle. And then from each of those
seven rings, you have a series of circles that lead off from that ring
away from that center in a curved arc. Each of the circles on the seven
arcs get progressively smaller and smaller until you get to the smallest
one that is about seven feet across. And the arcs of these circles curve
in a couple of directions, so you might be going down one arm following
that curve and then that curve will change slightly.
So, the best way to describe this corn pattern is that it's very
fractal-like and the Chillicothe pattern might be something called a
heptagonal hyperbolic planar tessellation. This is a mathematical
model that is based on what academic texts describe as a heptagonal
hyperbolic planar tessellation that appears to use either a Poincare
disc model or a Klein's Modular Curve as a projection method.
[ Editor's Note: Wikipedia - “ Tessellation is the process of
creating a two-dimensional plane using the repetition of a geometric
shape with no overlaps and no gaps. Think of tiles placed next to each
other without gaps or overlaps. Generalizations to higher dimensions are
also possible.”]
The Klein model uses the inside of a circle to project the hyperbolic
plane. The Klein hyperbolic space is a type of non-Euclidian geometry
that is considered maximally symmetric and is based on negative
curvature. The Poincare disc model does the same, but it has lines that
are represented by circle arcs that are orthogonal to the boundary
circle. These projections have different coordinate charts laid down in
the same ‘hyperbolic’ space. There are a variety of ways to project
geometric figures into this space. The spacing of the circles in the
Chillicothe formation seems to be laid out on a specific heptagonal
tessellation coordinate system.
Using the second from left tessellation above, Jeffrey Wilson
superimposed his diagram of the Chillicothe September 2012 corn
formation over that tessellation to show how the corn pattern is likely
a pattern that represents a 2-dimensional representation of a Heptagonal
Hyperbolic Planar Tessellation.
Jeffrey Wilson superimposed his diagram of the Chillicothe September
2012
corn formation over the Don Hatch tessellation to show how the corn
pattern
is likely a pattern that represents a 2-dimensional representation of a
Heptagonal
Hyperbolic Planar Tessellation from 2002 work of Don Hatch.
See Websites below for more URL links.
If so, here is what I have written about it at the ICCRA website.
‘The Chillicothe corn pattern could be a two-dimensional representation
of a Heptagonal Hyperbolic Planar Tessellation:
- Based on the inverse of Phi, the Golden Ratio or Spiral, a
‘seven’ structure emerges.
- This fractal tessellation grid might be the underpinnings of the
structure of the universe according to an elementary particle physics
theory of M.S. El Naschie, which describes the fractal model of quantum
space-time (E-infinity space).
- The Golden Ratio (Phi) emerges naturally in this theory and turns out
to be the central piece that connects the fractal dimension of quantum
space-time with the mass-energy of every fundamental particle; and also
with several fundamental physical quantities such as the Fine Structure
constant.
- An important part of the El Nachie's theory is that quantum
space-time resembles the hyperbolic geometry of Klein quartic - or in
other words, projecting the space-time of vacuum fluctuations on a
Poincare circle we will see a hyperbolic tessellation with
Klein-curve-like geometry. This figure inherently has a multiple of
seven, which is the continuous fraction expansion of Phi to the 4th
power, which is related to the Fine Structure constant.
- The Chillicothe crop circle appears to be a figure which demonstrates
this principle, but constructed on a two-dimensional plane with circles
and rings. This is why the formation appears to be asymmetrical because
as one moves away from the central circle, the descending sized
connecting circles' curves can choose to turn in different directions,
but the circles will still be in proper mathematical relationship.’
What Does the 7,3 Mean in Don Hatch's Tessellations?
Jeffrey Wilson:
“The number 7 in this particular case refers to how many polygons
surround the center one. You can have 7 around the center one, or 6
around the center, or 5 around the center, or 4 - whatever the possible
number polygon combinations around that center point. But it’s the
number 7 in this case that fits the Chillicothe corn crop circle. So
perhaps the corn pattern points towards perhaps fitting into solving one
of the fundamental questions of physics about the underlying
construction of the cosmos.
So the 7 is referring to the polygons; the 3 I believe refers to the
order in which the tiling is presented. So you could have order 7 tiling
and that would show more triangular shapes. Order 3 tiling shows a more
circular heptagonal shape. There are different kinds of ways to order
what you are seeing, so that’s what the order 7,3 refers to. And this
specific tessellation that I used to superimpose my Chillicothe crop
diagram is also truncated at one. But you could truncate it at a whole
bunch of different numbers and get different projections.
This particular fractal tessellation grid, this heptagonal hyperbolic
planar tessellation, according to a particle physics theory by M.S. El
Naschie describes that there is a 7-sided heptagonal tessellation grid
fractal that fits his vibrational model of quantum space time,
something he calls “E-infinity space.” That fractal model, El Naschie
theorizes, is the underpinning for the universe's structure.
He uses string theory or super string theory and quantum physics to
explain there is an invisible vibration that connects all things
together in the cosmos using vibrational strings. So all particles,
everything in the universe, is connected by a 7-sided heptagonal
tessellation model. From that model, the Golden Ratio, or Phi, emerges
as the central piece that connects the fractal dimension of quantum
space-time with the mass energy of all fundamental particles in the
knowable universe, along with a number of fundamental physical
quantities that are defined in some of these superstring theories like
the Fine-Structure Constant.
[ Editor's Note: Wikipedia - “ The Fine-Structure Constant is a
fundamental physical constant, namely the coupling constant
characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction. Being a
dimensionless quantity, it has constant numerical value in all systems
of units.”]
So it’s this idea that quantum space-time resembles the hyperbolic
geometry that is the big implication of the Heptagonal Hyperbolic Planar
Tessellation. Why this particular crop circle would display that in what
seems to be an incredibly arcane way is an interesting revelation.
Hopewell Mound Group
IN THE HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT HOPEWELL CULTURE AND ALL OF THE MOUNDS
THAT ARE IN OHIO, IS THERE ANYTHING YOU HAVE COME ACROSS IN ALL YOUR
RESEARCH CONCERNING THE MOUND CIVILIZATION THAT WOULD RELATE TO A
7-FOLD GEOMETRY?
Yes, the original excavation report that was written about the
excavations at the Hopewell Mound Group - this crop circle is about 100
yards away from the southern wall of the earth enclosure of the
Hopewell Mound Group. It is one of the closest crop circles to a mound
group ever reported. And the Hopewell Mound Group was primarily
excavated by the Chicago Field Museum for the Chicago World's Fair in
the 1890s. They did a really typical job for that age. They bulldozed
the mounds and pillaged it for all of its artifacts and all of those
artifacts are in the possession of the Chicago Field Museum. You can go
today and view those artifacts. Most of them are on display.
When I went back to the original excavation notes, there is a section
where they are doing some comparative analysis of one of the artifacts
that came out of the largest mound - Mound 25.
Among the many ancient artifacts that came out of Hopewell Mound 25 were
two copper rectangles. Each had a series of seven cutouts along the
sides and a curving circle cut out in each middle. In the center of
those rectangles is what can best be described as a comma shape, like
the punctuation of a comma - you have this sort of curving circle. And
on the lengthwise edges of the rectangle on both sides, there are a
series of little square cutouts along the length of it of which there
are seven square cutouts on both sides.
The Field Museum archaeologists compared the copper rectangles to
another artifact that came out of a mound in Cincinnati known as the
Cincinnati Tablet. It was a rectangular tablet of stone, which had an
interesting set of engraved inscriptions upon it. Along the edges of
the Cincinnati Tablet, there were a series of seven square hash marks.
And they compared the two artifacts and said something about the
significance of both having these seven hash marks and seven cutouts
along the edges of these rectangular artifacts. Why that might be the
case? I'm not certain. But the number seven prevails in the artifacts
and at the September 2012 corn formation.
This particular Mound Group that this corn crop circle came down next to
actually dwarfs the size of this crop circle. The enclosure itself has
3.5 miles of walls. It's about 111 acres - the enclosure. The east to
west length of the enclosure is about 2800 feet. The burial mounds
within the larger enclosure has the largest mound that was ever built by
the Hopewell culture. This Hopewell Mound Group was named as such
because the guy who owned the property was a guy by the name of Mordecai
C. Hopewell. Archaeologists have this habit of naming cultures after
the name of the owner of the land at the time it was excavated.
BUT THE TRUTH IS THAT THE HOPEWELL CULTURE IS TRULY MYSTERIOUS AND NO
ONE HAS EVER IN AN ANTHOPOLOGICAL WAY DEFINED WHO BUILT ALL OF THESE
MOUNDS - HOW MANY YEARS AGO?
This particular Mound Group was built about 2,000 years ago.
WHOEVER THOSE ORIGINAL MOUND BUILDERS WERE ARE MYSTERIOUS?
Well, they are mysterious in the sense that there does not appear to
have been a direct continuity of culture that led through to the
historical times when white settlers first made their way into what
became Ohio. The native Americans that were here either culturally did
not remember the ancient mound builders; or the original mound builders
moved out of the region before the most-historically recent Native
American tribes arrived. The Native American tribes told white settlers
that first came to the Ohio area that the Indians had no idea about the
source of the ancient mound builders. Those mounds were there when they
(Native Americans) arrived. There have been some limited DNA studies
done of these peoples buried in some of the mounds and they do not
directly link genetically to modern Native Americans that exist in the
immediate area in Ohio.
[ Editor's Note: Wikipedia - Native Americans that lived in the
Ohio-Pennsylvania area were the Shawnee, Kickapoo and Erie tribes. ]
Historic Link Between U. S. Crop Circles
and Earthwork Mound Sites
IS IT FAIR TO SAY THAT OVER THE YEARS AS YOU HAVE INVESTIGATED CROP
FORMATIONS IN OHIO AND THAT REGION THAT YOU HAVE COME TO THE CONCLUSION
THAT THERE IS SOME KIND OF REPEATABLE LINK BETWEEN CROP FORMATIONS THAT
TEND TOEMERGE NEAR SITES OF MOUNDS BUILT 2,000 YEARS AGO?
Well, certainly we find a strong correlation in terms of the non-manmade
type crop circles here in the United States. About 65% of those
non-manmade formations are coming down in close proximity to Native
American earthworks. That correlation does exist.
SO HERE IT IS AGAIN - THIS HUGE, COMPLICATED CORN FORMATION THAT
APPEARED IN SEPTEMBER 2012 NEAR THE LARGE MOUND GROUP IN CHILLICOTHE - A
CROP FORMATION THAT MIGHT BE UNIQUE IN THE HISTORY OF ALL CROP
FORMATIONS AROUND THE WORLD.
It is an amazing formation that I've got to say is more so than just
about any other crop circle that I have been into - particularly in
corn. This was very impressive, I was very impressed with this
formation.”
