Spiders Web, Avebury Stone Circle, Nr Devizes, Wiltshire.
Avebury + Spiders web.
Wheat 10/11th August 1994. An aerial shots by Lucy Pringle. Copyright 1994.
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Avebury 1994 (the "spider's web") also seems
clearly astronomical and not human-made. It tells how the inner and
outer rings at Avebury once functioned as 19-year lunar calendars in
2000 BC. |
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Three stone circles in Ireland (Knowth, Dowth and Newgrange): the 1994 Avebury "spiderweb" explains them
In
a previous essay, I showed how a "spiderweb" crop picture that
appeared just outside of Avebury Ring in August 1994 told
us symbolically, how that ancient stone circle worked as a lunar
calendar 4000 to 5000 years ago. We were told to "go around its
outer ring five times, just as a spider builds its web", and
then we would understand.
Now the outer ring at Avebury contains 98 standing stones, and
hence 5 x 98 = 490. But that is just one stone away from a
well-known astronomical number of 489, which equals the sum of
lunar phase (235) and lunar background-star (254) cycles in any
19-year Metonic cycle of the Moon.
Based on what those crop artists said, I slowly figured out that
Avebury was used to keep track of ten different lunar cycles;
while any small differences of counting, say between 490 and
489, could be compensated by adding "extra stones" or even "pits
or ditches" in precise locations.
Several months later, I came across a remarkable essay by
Gillies Macbain on how the ancient inhabitants of Ireland kept
calendar time, using a series of stone circles located at
Knowth, Dowth or Newgrange:
In
his essay, Macbain explained how it was necessary to
"go around" each of those stone circles several
times, in order to match certain long-term periodicities of the
Moon. But that was just what the crop artists told us at
Avebury!
Could the same ancient people have built all of Avebury, Knowth,
Dowth and Newgrange? And if so, did our mysterious crop artists
live all across the ancient British Isles, and not just in
southern England near Avebury, close to where most modern crop
pictures appear? In order to address those important questions,
let us review briefly what we found before for Avebury, and then
compare our crop-artist-based conclusions with what Macbain has
proposed for three different stone circles in Ireland.
The original "spiderweb" crop picture appeared just outside of
Avebury Ring in 1994:
It
showed the symbolism of a spider's web, in order to communicate
a message concerning those outer-ring, inner-ring stone circles
nearby:
To be more precise, it told us to "go around that outer
stone circle five times, just as a spider builds its web":
An artistic reconstruction of Avebury Ring is shown
below. Its outer ring contained 98 standing stones, while
its two inner rings contained 27 or 29 stones each. If we
were to "go around" that outer ring five times, then we
would count 490 stones in total:
Now "490" lies very close to "489" which is an important
astronomical number. It tells how many lunar cycles there
are in 19 years, as the famous Metonic cycle of the Moon. To
be more specific, in 19 solar years there are 235 cycles of
lunar phase (29.5 days each), plus 254 cycles of lunar
sky-location relative to background stars (27.3 days each).
When those two numbers are combined, one finds a total of
235 + 254 = 489:
If one wished to count "489" lunar cycles at Avebury, one
could simply put a stick in the ground next to each
successive standing stone, after any monthly phase or
background-star cycle was finished. Then at the end of 19
years, one would have "gone around" that outer circle five
times, with only one stone missing from a complete five full
turns or 98 x 5 = 490 stones.
By studying a reconstructed model of Avebury, I found that
ten different lunar cycles could have been kept there in
total, as various combinations of Metonic, Saros, phase,
background-star or ecliptic. Those ten astronomical cycles
seem too detailed to discuss here, so I simply coloured a
single "489 Metonic" cycle with red ink in the table below:
So far, so good. But if one stone remains missing after 19
years, while counting 235 + 254 = 489 lunar cycles along an
outer ring of 5 x 98 = 490 stones, how did the original
builders of Avebury compensate for that slight error?
They simply placed an extra stone near the main entrance,
labelled below in red as "delta-one":
Other extra stones of "delta-3" or "delta12" were added to
the two inner rings (shown in white). Alternatively, when
the builders of Avebury came across some really big
astronomical error, say a 25-stone difference between 465
lunar Saros cycles and 490 stones, they placed a "space or
ditch" after stone 465. See the white label "delta-25", next
to a big space between rows of stones in the right-hand part
of the diagram above.
Might there be any way to verify our findings about Avebury?
Here is where Gillies Macbain's research comes in handy. He
studied other ancient stone circles much like Avebury,
except they were built in Ireland at about the same time:
namely Knowth, Dowth and Newgrange:
Knowth contains a ring of 127 stones that you must "go
around twice" in order to reach "254", which is again one of
our 19-year Metonic cycles (when the Moon repeats in both
phase and sky-location relative to the Sun).
Dowth contains a ring of 115 stones that you must "go around
twice" in order to reach "230", which is the number of lunar
phase cycles in any 18.6-year Nodal cycle (when the Moon
repeats in both phase and sky-location relative to
background stars).
Newgrange contains a ring of 97 stones, and hence is almost
the same as Avebury with 98. Macbain was puzzled by this,
and tried to incorporate Venus as well as the Moon into his
theory. He also tried to change "97" to "95" by discarding
two stones as not very important!
Instead, following the advice of those crop artists, if we
simply "go around the outer ring at Newgrange five times",
then we will count 5 x 97 = 485 stones in total, and thereby
get a number "485" that lies very close to "489" as sum of
lunar phase (235) and background-star (254) cycles after 19
years.
But where at Newgrange are the extra four
stones, required to compensate for a slight
difference between 485 and 489? Somewhat perplexed, I next
re-examined photographs of Newgrange from both 2007
(reconstructed) and also 1950 (unreconstructed). The extra
four stones were there all along!
In other words, (5 x
97) + 4 = 489 at Newgrange in Ireland, while (5 x 98) -1 =
489 at Avebury in England.
Did the Irish people really
follow a 19-year cycle of the Moon long ago?
Well, the historian Diodorus wrote about Ireland (or
England) in 50 BC: "The Moon as viewed from that island
appears to be but a little distance from the Earth, and to
have prominences on it which are visible to the naked
eye. An account was also given that a god visits that island
once every 19 years, after a period during which the Moon
and stars return to the same place in the heavens."
In summary, we have learned two important things here.
First, those crop artists did tell us correctly how to
figure out the original workings of Avebury Ring, by means
of their 1994 "spiderweb" drawing.
Secondly, those same stone-calendar principles apply also to
Knowth, Dowth and Newgrange. Not only does the (slightly
revised) Macbain theory explain what is seen at Knowth and
Dowth, but it also predicts what should be seen at Newgrange,
as four extra standing-stones of previously unknown
function.
The weight of accumulated evidence now seems overwhelming:
that modern crop pictures are being made by the original
megalith builders themselves, and are somehow being sent
forward in time to us across 4000 or 5000 years. And now we
know why they built all of those ancient megalithic sites,
in order to keep track of many different astronomical cycles
of the Moon.
RED COLLIE |
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The 1994 Avebury "spider web" as a lunar calendar: five turns around its outer circle equal 19 years Many people have studied how Stonehenge once worked as a solar-lunar observatory, and have made considerable progress there. Yet the original function of Avebury Ring remains obscure (see for example www.megalithicsites.co.uk/index2.html, ww.jqjacobs.net/blog/neolithic.html or www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba76/news.shtml).
On August
10, 1994, a novel and beautiful crop picture appeared just
outside of Avebury Ring. It had the form of a "spider web", and
was regarded by most people simply as landscape art:
But if we
look more closely at that crop picture, we can see that it shows
both "inner and outer circles" like Avebury Ring to which it
lies adjacent. Furthermore, it shows an "entrance" on one side,
again like Avebury Ring:
Recently in
2007, it became apparent that some crop pictures are attempting
to teach us lessons in megalithic astronomy (see for example
"Four megalithic sundials: geometrical and astronomical
analyses" on
www.cropcircleconnector,com). Those new observations,
combined with the highly symbolic form of that 1994 crop
picture, made me wonder whether it was trying to tell us
something? If so, then its message might be approximately as
follows:
"Go
around the outer circle of stones at Avebury Ring five times,
just as a spider weaves its web, and then you will understand
how that ancient megalithic site once worked."
The two
inner circles at Avebury originally contained 27 and 29 stones
respectively, just as for two well-known monthly cycles of our
Moon: 29.5 days for its phase, or 27.3 days for its sky location
relative to background stars. Those two inner circles would
presumably have been used to count phases or sky locations of
the Moon as a lunar calendar:
But what
about its outer circle which once held 98 stones? If we were
to walk around that outer circle five times, then we would be
able to count 5 x 98 = 490 stones in total. Now that number
"490" almost. equals the sum of lunar-phase (235) and lunar-star
(254) cycles within any 19-year Metonic cycle of the Moon, where
235 + 254 = 489.
Such preliminary observations encouraged me to look into the
matter further, using a detailed map of Avebury Ring as it once
existed 4000 years ago:
Without much
effort, I soon found that practically every stone, entrance or
pit at Avebury Ring once served some kind of astronomical
purpose. A 19-year "Metonic" cycle of the Moon was used to keep
track of moonrise or moonset locations, while an 18.03-year "Saros"
cycle of the Moon was used to predict eclipses (just like the
Aubrey holes found at Stonehenge).
In order
to understand this important finding in greater detail, first we
need to understand some basic concepts from lunar astronomy:
19 "solar
years" = 6939.7 days (Metonic cycle of the Moon) = 19 x 365.25
days
19 "eclipse
years" = 6585.3 days (Saros cycle of the Moon) = 19 x 346.59
days
Lunar
phase-cycle (synodic) = 29.531 days
Lunar
background-star-cycle (sidereal) = 27.322 days
Lunar
ecliptic-crossing-cycle (draconic) = 27.212 days
Total
number of lunar cycles in 19 "solar years" or else 19 "eclipse
years":
6939.7
days, Metonic >>> phase = 235.00
stars = 254.00
ecliptic = 255.02
6585.3
days, Saros >>> phase = 223.00
stars = 241.02
ecliptic = 242.00
Each stone
at Avebury Ring was apparently used to keep track of individual
lunar cycles, just like counting beads on an abacus. When two
cycles did not match precisely after 18 or 19 years, its
designers simply added a few "extra stones" where required.
For example
(see pictures above), they added 3 extra stones within their
inner 27-stone circle, so that phase and star (or eclipse)
cycles of the Moon would match more precisely. Likewise, they
added 12 extra stones within their inner 29-stone circle, so
that Saros and Metonic cycles of the Moon would match more
precisely.
To make
everything simple and clear, I have summarized the original
workings of Avebury Ring in a figure and Table below:
There were ten lunar cycles to be accounted for in total. Four of these were kept along its two inner circles, while five were kept along its outer circle (I could not find any evidence for keeping of a sixth). Along the inner 27-stone circle, they kept two phase-cycles of the Moon whether Metonic (235) or Saros (223). Along the inner 29-stone circle, they kept two other cycles of the Moon as star-Metonic (254) or ecliptic-Saros (242). After 19 years, they used 3 extra stones from their 27-stone circle (see pictures above), so that each pair of lunar cycles (whether Metonic or Saros) would match more precisely. Similarly, they used 12 extra stones from their 29-stone circle (see pictures above), so that any Saros cycle would match more precisely any Metonic cycle. Next, along the outer 98-stone circle, they did not seemingly add any "extra stones", except in one place near its very end, where 489 combined Metonic cycles (235 + 254) fall short of five complete outer turns by just (490 - 489) = 1. In all other places, they simply divided that outer circle into smaller intervals using entrances or pits. For example, 465 combined Saros cycles (223 + 242) fall short of five complete outer turns by (490 - 465) = 25, so they included an entrance at "73" which differs from "98" by 25 stones. Three of the four possible individual 19-year cycles seem to be represented as well. For example, 242 Saros cycles could be kept by starting at stone "1", then going around for two outer turns and stopping at an entrance "46", since (2 x 98) + 46 = 242. Similarly, 223 Saros cycles could be kept by starting at stone "46", then going around for two outer turns until entrance "73", since (2 x 98) + 27 = 223. Likewise, 235 Metonic cycles could be kept by starting at entrance "24", then going around for two turns until reaching a "pit" which was dug next to stone "63", since (2 x 98) + 39 = 235. I could not find any evidence that a fourth individual periodicity of 254 Metonic cycles was kept, but then our current reconstruction of Avebury Ring may not be perfectly accurate. Summary and conclusions Now we finally seem to understand how Avebury Ring once worked, as a 19-year lunar calendar 4000 years ago. But I take no credit for these observations. All of the credit should go to those unseen "crop artists", who told us that its outer ring of 98 stones had to be circumscribed five times, to complete any 19-year cycle of the Moon. What a useful clue! How could anyone living today possibly know that?
In summary, by slow and careful study of many different English crop pictures, we seem to be gradually approaching a novel and unexpected conclusion: namely that some of those crop messages are somehow being sent to us from the distant past, from a place near Avebury or Silbury Hill 4000 to 5000 years ago. Not from aliens, not from our future descendants on Earth, not from local human fakers, but from our own Celtic ancestors in the British Isles. Evidently they were more technologically advanced than many of us currently imagine.
All of this would make sense if the Tuatha de' Danaan ("People of Anu"), after they left Sumeria in 2100 BC, took an engineered wormhole with them. Perhaps the same wormhole through which their king Anu supposedly visited Uruk in 3300 BC (www.exopolitics.org/Study-Paper2.htm)? Or the same wormhole through which many of the Tuatha left for a mysterious Otherworld in 1800 BC? "It was a subterranean world entered through caverns, hills or mountains, and was inhabited by many races. The Tuatha de' Danann, after their defeat by the Milesians, retired to that underground world, and from there continued to interfere in the ways of men."
Was that why the crop artists showed us a series of wormholes last summer, beginning with two "Roman rings" at Avebury Trusloe and Savernake Forest, which are specialized time-travel devices? Were they simply trying to tell us how they were sending such messages, because we have not yet reached such a magical level of technology ourselves? Indeed, what would a classical Roman or Greek citizen make of modern e-mail or the mobile phone?
Some people ask, "If aliens are sending us crop pictures, why don't they land on the White House lawn or talk to us on TV?" The answer now seems obvious: because those megalith builders do not reside in our current, local spacetime. Crop pictures seem to be their only way of communicating with us. And that may be why most crop pictures appear near ancient megalithic sites, where the Danaan people lived 4000 years ago. The big question, of course, is why they chose the years 1990-2007 to send ever more complex and clever messages, such as the one described above. Red Collie
PS People ask me frequently where they can get good, reliable information about modern crop pictures? The sources that I have personally found most useful are www.cropcircleconnector.com (Archives, members only), www.lucypringle.co.uk (Photo Gallery) and www.circularsite.com, although this brief list is not meant to be exclusive. |
